When electricity is applied to the electrodes a beam of particles flows from the cathode towards the anode giving it the name cathode ray tube. The positively charged electrode is called Anode and the Negatively charged electrode is called Cathode. The tube has high voltage applied across the ends of it at the electrodes attached. Cathode ray tubes are sealed glass chambers with negative atmospheric pressure and have most of the gas sucked out of them. In the early 19th century physicists were trying to understand the structure of the atom and at that time J.J Thompson a British physicist conducted an experiment with the cathode ray tubes. The electron is denoted by e- and has one negative elementary charge. They are thought to be elementary particles of atoms as they have no known components or structure. Electron is a subatomic particle that belongs to the first generation of the lepton particle family. Every atom of any given element will have the same physical properties due to the fact that it contains exactly the same subatomic particle as that of the other one. Every atom is made up only of these three particles. But when we break the atom further it will give us electrons, protons, and neutrons. Thomson, through his now-famous cathode ray tube experiments, led to the discovery of electrons as being a part of subatomic particles, i.e., particles which make up the atom.Ītoms are the smallest particle of an element that will have the same property of the element which can never be created or destroyed according to Dalton's atomic theory. However, all that changed when in 1897, the English physicist J.J. The term ‘atom’ being wholly representative of that thought since it comes from the Greek word meaning indivisible. For a long time, the atom was considered to be the final structure of an element. The tube voltage, tube current, and exposure duration (measured in seconds) are adjustable by the user.Ĭopyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.Electrons are subatomic particles that, along with protons and neutrons, come to form the most fundamental part of atoms. Electron kinetic energy (measured in keV) is related to the applied voltage. The number of electrons is measured in the form of milliampere (mA) units, where 1 milliampere is equal to 6.24 x 10^15 electrons/s. The filament and the focusing cup determine this path of acceleration. ![]() ![]() Upon application of a high voltage by an X-ray generator to the cathode as well as the anode, there is an acceleration of electrons ejected to an electrically positive anode. The released electrons form in an electron cloud at the filament surface, and repulsion forces prevent the ejection of electrons from this negatively charged cloud. The heating of the filament leads to the release of electrons in a process called thermionic emission. ![]() ![]() In the generation of X-ray production, a cathode filament machined in a cathode cup is activated, causing intense heating of the cathode filament. Essential components of an X-ray tube include a cathode, and an anode separated a short distance from each other, a vacuum enclosure, and high voltage cables forming the X-ray generator attached to the cathode and anode components. An X-ray tube, with its respective components placed in a vacuum, and a generator, make up the basic components of X-ray production. Simply understood, the generation of X-rays occurs when electrons are accelerated under a potential difference and turned into electromagnetic radiation. In the setting of diagnostic radiology, X-rays have long enjoyed use in the imaging of body tissues and aid in the diagnosis of disease. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers.
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